Every app
5,256 shortcuts across 50 sets. Each page names the source it was checked against and the date it was checked, and prints as a cheat sheet.
Operating systems
The shortcuts that work everywhere on the machine, before any app opens.
- Windows 11
Nearly all of these system shortcuts also work in Windows 10.
The eight you use every day · Pasting and the clipboard · The Windows key · Snapping and arranging windows · Virtual desktops · Switching between what is open · Screenshots and recording · File Explorer · Editing text · Selecting text · Dialogue boxes · Command Prompt
- macOS
Modifiers are drawn the way the menu bar draws them, so what you read here is what you will see next to the command when you go looking for it.
The eight you use every day · Pasting without dragging the formatting along · Apps and windows · The Finder · Spotlight and search · Editing text · Moving the cursor · Selecting text · Screenshots and recording · Sleep, lock and log out · Moving around without a mouse
AI assistants
Newer, smaller sets that change often, so each one carries the date it was checked.
To see how the coding tools differ on the same action, from stopping the agent to starting a new line, read AI coding tools compared.
- Claude Code
Claude Code runs inside your terminal, so most of its text editing follows the readline conventions you already know from a shell, and a few of its keys can be intercepted by the terminal before they arrive.
Running the session · While Claude is working · Switching model and mode · Editing the prompt · Writing more than one line · Characters that start something · The transcript view
- Cursor
This page covers the keys Cursor adds on top of VS Code, which is the part nobody has memorised yet, followed by the VS Code shortcuts you will reach for most while using them.
The keys Cursor adds · In the chat box · Inline edit and the terminal · The VS Code keys you will use alongside them
- Codex CLI
Every row below is one of them.
While Codex is working · Writing the prompt · The screen and the output · Changing the keys
- GitHub Copilot in VS Code
Copilot's keys sit on top of VS Code's own, so the VS Code page still applies.
Start here · In the chat · In the terminal · The Agents window · Voice
- Gemini CLI
Its line editing follows the readline keys a shell uses, and a handful of keys depend on the terminal, which Google names in its limitations.
Running the session · Writing and sending the prompt · Moving and deleting in the input · History and suggestions · Scrolling and the screen · Background shells · Vi mode
- Devin Desktop (formerly Windsurf)
Cascade, its original agent, was removed on 8 September 2026, and the agent now is Devin Local.
The agent panel · Changing a command before it runs · Command, for edits in place · Tab, the suggestions · The Agent Command Center and Spaces · Devin cloud sessions · Elsewhere in the editor
- ChatGPT
That reference covers the desktop app on Mac and Windows, whose Linux preview uses the Windows keys, but not chatgpt.com in a browser: the one browser key OpenAI documents is marked in its row.
Start here · Chats and the sidebar · Moving around and finding text · Writing the prompt · When ChatGPT asks before it acts · The app and its windows · Codex · The built-in browser
- Claude Desktop
Anthropic's Code tab reference says to use Ctrl in place of Cmd on Windows; Ctrl+Tab between sessions, the terminal key and the view modes take Ctrl on a Mac as well.
Around the app · Quick entry and voice · Sending and stopping · Sessions in the Code tab · Panes and views · Reviewing changes · Model, mode and effort · The iOS Simulator pane
- OpenCode
The leader, the two-second wait for the next key and the other keybinds can all be changed in tui.json, and every row below is the default OpenCode documents.
Start here · Managing the session · Models and agents · Writing the prompt · Editing the prompt · Reading the conversation · Subagent sessions · Layout, themes and the terminal · Lists and dialogs
- Google Antigravity
The CLI replaced Gemini CLI for Google AI Pro, Ultra and free users on 18 June 2026, and it documents far more keys than the app does.
Antigravity 2.0: getting around · Antigravity 2.0: chat, terminal and voice · Antigravity IDE: Tab · CLI: running the session · CLI: writing the prompt · CLI: approvals and subagents · CLI: reviewing artifacts · CLI: the diff viewer · CLI: pickers and panels · CLI: Vim editor mode
- Kiro
In the IDE, Cmd+L (Ctrl+L) brings the selected code into the chat.
Kiro IDE: chat · Kiro IDE: general · Kiro IDE: moving around · Kiro IDE: editing · Kiro CLI: running the session · Kiro CLI: writing the prompt · Kiro CLI: panels and views · Kiro CLI: spec review
- GitHub Copilot CLI
This page covers the terminal agent; Copilot inside VS Code has its own page.
Running the session · Writing the prompt · Moving and deleting in the prompt · The Ctrl+X chords · Reading the timeline · Tabs, the sidebar and sessions · Issues, pull requests and gists · /resume, /tasks and /settings · Reviewing changes in /diff
Documents and spreadsheets
Where most keyboard time goes, and where the savings are largest.
- Microsoft Excel
Windows and Mac are shown together, because they diverge more here than anywhere else, and the Mac column is the one usually left out.
The ones that pay for themselves · Moving around a sheet · Selecting · Editing cells · Formulas · Formatting · Tables, filters and data · Files, sheets and windows · Driving the ribbon from the keyboard
- Microsoft Word
The formatting group is where the time goes: almost everything people do with the mouse on the Home tab has a key behind it.
The ones that save the most time · Formatting text · Paragraphs and styles · Selecting · Moving around a long document · Inserting things · Reviewing and tracked changes · Files, views and the ribbon
- Google Sheets
This page concentrates on the places where Excel's keys do not carry over, and on the handful of shortcuts Sheets has that Excel does not.
Start here · Moving around · Selecting · Editing · Formatting · Formulas, filters and comments · Reaching the menus without the mouse
- Google Docs
The jumps around a document are two letters pressed with Ctrl+Alt held, or Ctrl+Cmd on a Mac: N then H goes to the next heading, N then C to the next comment.
Start here · Editing, finding and saving · Formatting text · Headings, paragraphs and lists · Selecting text · Comments, suggestions and versions · Moving around the document · Images, spelling and the view · Reaching the menus
- Microsoft PowerPoint
Both are here, Windows and Mac side by side, with the comments pane and the Copilot keys Microsoft rolled out in 2026.
Presentations and slides · Objects, tables and media · Moving through and selecting text · Formatting text · Views, panes and zoom · Running the slide show · Pointer, pen and media in the show · Presenter View and rehearsing · Comments and Copilot · Driving the ribbon
Design, photo and video
Tools you pick with one letter and panels you open with two keys: the apps where shortcuts pay back fastest.
- Adobe Illustrator
These are the default shortcuts for Illustrator on desktop, Windows and macOS, from Adobe's own list.
Files, undo and the clipboard · Tools · Selecting · Grouping, locking and stacking · While you draw · Paths, masks and transforms · Fill, stroke and colour · Type · Zoom, views and guides · Panels and layers
- Adobe InDesign
These are the default shortcuts for InDesign on desktop, from Adobe's own list, which covers tools, type, tables, views and panels; keys for menu commands are shown beside each command in the menus.
Tools · Borrowing a tool for a moment · Selecting, moving and resizing · Fill, stroke and colour · Character formatting · Paragraphs and styles · Moving through and finding text · Tables · Views, pages and documents · Panels
- Adobe Acrobat
The setting is under Menu (Windows) or Acrobat (macOS) > Preferences > General.
Pages, scrolling and zoom · Documents, pages and search · Tools · Comments and markup · Panes, panels and bookmarks · Building forms · Filling in forms · Read Out Loud and accessibility
- Adobe Lightroom Classic
These are the default shortcuts for Lightroom Classic on Windows and macOS, from Adobe's own list, which sorts them by module.
Panels, modules and help · Views, zoom and screen modes · The secondary window · Browsing, selecting and stacking · Rating, flagging and filtering · Importing, organising and exporting · Keywords and metadata · Developing a photo · Crop, masking and the tool keys · Book, Map, Slideshow, Print and Web
- Adobe Lightroom
These are the default shortcuts for Lightroom on Windows and macOS, from Adobe's own list, which Adobe last edited in June 2025.
Views and panels · Light, Color and the other panels · Editing a photo · Brushes, gradients and masks · Flags, ratings and stacks · Clipboard, export and the app
- Adobe Premiere
These are the default shortcuts, from Adobe's reference table and its editing guides, Windows and Mac side by side.
Playback and the timeline · In and Out points and markers · Tools · Building the sequence · Undo, the clipboard and clips · Trimming, nudging, slipping and sliding · Titles, graphics and captions · Panels and workspaces · The Project panel and other panels · Projects, import and export
- Adobe After Effects
These are the default shortcuts a motion designer reaches for, taken from Adobe's reference of about 380, Windows and Mac side by side.
Tools · Time, previews and markers · Revealing properties · Keyframes and the Graph Editor · Making and arranging layers · Position, scale and rotation · Zoom, views and guides · Masks, shapes and text · Panels, effects and editing · Compositions, projects and rendering
Mail, chat and notes
Where the day's messages and notes live. Gmail answers to single letters, once they are switched on; the rest mostly to chords and typed shortcuts.
- Gmail
Google says most of them won't work unless keyboard shortcuts are turned on in Gmail's settings, and lists only the compose, chat and formatting keys without that condition.
Start here · Reading and moving through mail · Going to a folder or label · Sorting and tidying conversations · Selecting conversations in the list · Writing and sending · Formatting a message
- Slack
Once a message has focus, a single letter edits, forwards, pins or reacts to it, with no modifier at all.
Start here · Moving between conversations · Reading and catching up · Acting on a message · Writing and formatting a message · Formatting you type · Canvases · Huddles, workspaces and the window
- Notion
Much of the rest is typed rather than held: a # at the start of a line makes a heading, and a / opens a menu of blocks to insert.
Start here · Getting around · Tabs, windows and the view · Formatting text · Writing and structure · Changing a block's type with keys · Selecting and editing blocks · Mentions, links and emoji · Slash commands
- Obsidian
The keys for moving around and selecting text come from the operating system, or the framework Obsidian is built on, and cannot be changed; hotkeys for Obsidian's own commands can be set or changed under Settings → Hotkeys.
Start here · Notes, links and files · Tabs, views and the window · Editing and formatting · Moving around a note · Selecting and multiple cursors · Properties · Bases tables · Canvas, graph view and slides
- Microsoft Outlook
Where Outlook on the web and Outlook.com use another key, the row's note gives it: that is their Outlook set of shortcuts, chosen under Settings, General, Accessibility.
Start here · Moving between Mail, Calendar and People · The message list · Reading a message · Writing a message · Calendar · Flags on a Mac · People
- Classic Outlook for Windows
Many keys change meaning with where you are: Ctrl+E searches your mail but centres text in a message you are writing, and Ctrl+R replies or right-aligns.
Start here · Getting around · The message list and Reading pane · Search · Making new items · Calendar · Writing and formatting · Macros and Send/Receive
- Microsoft Teams
These are the default Teams layout in the desktop app for Windows and Mac: the Keyboard shortcuts window, under Settings and more, can switch to another app's layout or change a key.
Start here · Getting around · Chats and channels · Writing a message · Calls and meetings · Scheduling a meeting · Calendar · Activity
- Microsoft OneNote
This is the OneNote desktop app on Windows, once called OneNote 2016, and OneNote for Mac; OneNote for Windows 10 reached the end of support in October 2025 and is not covered.
Pages, sections and notebooks · Windows, views and syncing · Typing, moving and selecting · Formatting notes · Inserting things · Tables · Tags · Outlines and writing direction · Searching and proofing · Email, Outlook tasks and audio
Browsers
Tabs, history, the address bar, and the find bar you already half know.
- Google Chrome
Where Google lists more than one key, the row gives them.
The ones worth the muscle memory · Tabs · Windows · The address bar · The page itself · Bookmarks, history and downloads · Developer tools
- Microsoft Edge
Microsoft lists Windows and Mac separately and the Mac list is shorter, so some Mac cells read Not listed.
Tabs · Windows, InPrivate and profiles · The address bar and search · The page itself · Reading, listening and PDFs · Favourites, history and downloads · Getting around without a mouse · Developer tools
Editors and terminals
Written for people who never take their hands off the keys.
- Visual Studio Code
If you learn only the command palette and the multi-cursor group, you have most of the benefit.
Start here · Several cursors at once · Editing · Moving around the code · Finding and replacing · Panels, tabs and layout · The built-in terminal · Debugging
- The terminal and shell
Readline is why the same keys work over SSH, inside a container, and in most other programs that read a line of input.
The five that change how you use a shell · Moving along the line · Editing the line · History · Completion · Controlling what is running · macOS Terminal and iTerm2 · Windows Terminal
- tmux
Sessions keep running after you detach, and survive a dropped SSH connection.
Start here · Sessions: start, leave and come back · Windows · Panes · Resizing and layouts · Copying and pasting · Moving and searching in copy mode · Inside the session and window lists · Help, the prompt and settings
- Vim
Learn the four operators and the dozen motions in the first two groups and you can work out most of the rest yourself, including combinations nobody has written down.
Getting into and out of a mode · Moving · Operators · Text objects · Searching and replacing · Undo and repeat · Files, windows and tabs · Registers and marks
- Warp
It also has an agent conversation view beside the terminal, and the keys that move between the two are the ones to learn first.
Start here · Working with the agent · Blocks · Scrolling and finding · Editing a command · Panes · Tabs, copying and text size
- Zed
Every row here is taken from the default keymap files Zed ships, for the Zed base keymap.
Start here · Files and tabs · Editing · Selections and multiple cursors · Moving around the code · Finding and replacing · Panels, panes and the terminal · The agent and edit predictions · Debugging and tasks
- Microsoft Visual Studio
Keys depend on the keyboard mapping scheme that comes with the settings profile you pick at first launch, so these are the defaults for the General profile; the Visual C# profile differs in places.
Search and go to · Moving around the code · Editing · Carets and selections · IntelliSense and Copilot · Refactoring · Bookmarks and outlining · Building and debugging · Debugger windows and tests · Windows, tabs and files
- JetBrains IDEs (IntelliJ IDEA, PyCharm and others)
These are the default Windows and macOS keymaps from IntelliJ IDEA's reference; the keymap references for PyCharm, PhpStorm and GoLand give the same keys, apart from the two mouse rows marked below.
Start here · Editing · Selection and multiple carets · Completion and code help · Moving around the code · Finding and usages · Refactoring · Running and debugging · Git and version control · Tool windows
Data and databases
Queries, reports, notebooks and models: the tools where a working day is spent inside one window.
- Microsoft Power BI
Microsoft gives the same Windows keys for reading a report in the Power BI service in a browser, and publishes no Mac set, so every key here is a Windows key.
Getting around a report · Inside a visual · Slicers · Tables and matrices · Arranging the canvas · The Data and Selection panes · Model view · The DAX formula bar · Selecting and multiple cursors in DAX · DAX query view and TMDL view
- SQL Server Management Studio
These are the default scheme's keys, which Microsoft calls the SQL Server or Standard scheme: you can switch scheme or rebind a command under Tools > Options > Environment > Keyboard.
Running queries · Windows and tool windows · Menus, files and help · Editing T-SQL · Moving and selecting · IntelliSense and snippets · Find, bookmarks and the clipboard · Activity Monitor and replication · GitHub Copilot in SSMS
- Microsoft Report Builder
Microsoft's list covers both Microsoft Report Builder, for Reporting Services and Power BI Report Server, and Power BI Report Builder, for paginated reports in the Power BI service.
Getting around Report Builder · The design surface · Editing and formatting · Inserting report items · Maps · Report Designer in Visual Studio
- RStudio IDE
Posit gives one set for Windows and Linux and another for the Mac, and a few change when RStudio runs in a browser, which the notes point out.
Start here · Running code and knitting · Editing · Selecting and multiple cursors · Moving around the code · Finding and replacing · Files and tabs · Panes and focus · Console, completion and terminal · Debugging, packages, Git and plots
- JupyterLab and Jupyter Notebook
Esc takes you to command mode and Enter back to editing; JupyterLab draws the cell border grey in command mode and blue in edit mode.
Modes and running cells · Adding, deleting and moving cells · Cell types, headings and outputs · Moving between and selecting cells · Editing inside a cell · Finding and replacing · Panels and sidebars · Tabs, files and the file browser · Debugger and consoles
- MongoDB Compass and mongosh
Where MongoDB's shortcuts page and the shipping app disagree, the keys here are the ones Compass 1.51 uses and shows, and the notes say which.
Compass: windows, views and settings · Compass tabs · Queries, pipelines and focus mode · The shell inside Compass · mongosh in a terminal